OpenBee

organic cotton goods

2006-10-30T09:30:00.000-08:00

Liv organic cotton goods are soft luxurious nad affordable and they have a huge range of organic clothing.

Yuna River

2005-04-04T04:02:00.000-07:00

The Yuna is formed by the union of many headstreams arising near Bonao in the tangled mountains of the Cordillera Central. The river descends northeastward into the fertile region known as the

Dowsing

2005-04-03T07:02:00.000-07:00

The dowser in his search grasps

Peter

2005-04-01T22:20:00.000-08:00

He succeeded his father, Alfonso XI, at the age of 15, and John II of France saw the chance to force Castile into a military alliance against England. The alliance was concluded

Dengue

2005-04-01T06:26:00.000-08:00

The carrier incriminated

Heisenberg, Werner

2005-04-01T05:35:00.000-08:00

In full Werner Karl Heisenberg German physicist and philosopher who discovered a way to formulate quantum mechanics in terms of matrices (1925). For that discovery, he was awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for 1932. In 1927 he published his indeterminacy, or uncertainty, principle, upon which he built his philosophy and for which he is best known. He also made important contributions

China, Communist-Nationalist cooperation

2005-03-31T14:38:00.000-08:00

By then, however, the CCP was in serious difficulty. The railway unions had been brutally suppressed, and there were few places in China where it was safe to be a known Communist. In June 1923 the Third Congress of the CCP met in Canton, where Sun Yat-sen provided a sanctuary. After long debate this congress accepted the Comintern strategy pressed by Maring—that Communists

Geography, Aerial photography and remote sensing

2005-03-31T05:52:00.000-08:00

During the 20th century immense strides have been made in observing features on the Earth's surface, first by the development of aerial photography and later by satellite imagery. Aerial photography was first used extensively during World War I for reconnaissance. A new profession of photographic interpretation evolved in which the identification of both natural

Amar Das

2005-03-30T16:59:00.000-08:00

Third Sikh Guru, appointed at the advanced age of 73, noted for his division of the Punjab into 22 Sikh dioceses and his dispatch of missionaries to spread the faith. Realizing that periodical meetings of all Sikhs would strengthen the faith, he ordered three great festivals a year. He was much revered for his wisdom and piety, and it was said that even

Sarapis

2005-03-29T17:41:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Serapis Greco-Egyptian deity of the sun first encountered at Memphis, where his cult was celebrated in association with that of the sacred Egyptian bull Apis (who was called Osorapis when deceased). He was thus originally a god of the underworld but was reintroduced as a new deity with many Hellenic aspects by Ptolemy I Soter (reigned 305–284 BC), who centred the worship of the deity at

Neogrammarian

2005-03-29T10:05:00.000-08:00

German Junggrammatiker, any of a group of German scholars that arose around 1875; their chief tenet concerning language change was that sound laws have no exceptions. This principle was very controversial because there seemed to be several irregularities in language change not accounted for by the sound laws, such as Grimm's law (q.v.), that had been discovered by that time. In 1875, however, the Danish

Appoggiatura

2005-03-29T08:34:00.000-08:00

(from Italian appoggiare, “to lean”), in music, an ornamental note of long or short duration that temporarily displaces, and subsequently resolves into, a main note, usually by stepwise motion. During the Renaissance and early Baroque, the appoggiatura was of moderate length, averaging one-third of the main note, and was more in the nature of a melodic than a harmonic ornament.

Shahdol

2005-03-27T10:40:00.000-08:00

The surrounding

Computers, Konrad Zuse

2005-03-26T04:15:00.000-08:00

For one thing, Zuse worked in binary from the beginning. All of his prototype machines, built in 1936, used binary

Saint Clair's Defeat

2005-03-26T02:37:00.000-08:00

(November 4, 1791), one of the worst defeats ever suffered by U.S. forces in Indian warfare, precipitated by British-Indian confrontation with settlers and militia in the Northwest Territory following the American Revolution. Despite specific provisions in the Treaty of 1783 for the evacuation of its forts on the northwestern border, Britain had failed to yield these lucrative

Gradus

2005-03-25T20:08:00.000-08:00

A dictionary of Greek or Latin prosody and poetic phrases used as an aid in the writing of verse in Greek or Latin. The term is derived from the Gradus ad Parnassum (“A Step to Parnassus”), a 17th-century prosody dictionary long used in British schools.

Kebbi

2005-03-25T18:46:00.000-08:00

State, northwestern Nigeria. It was created in 1991 from the southwestern half of Sokoto (q.v.) state. Kebbi borders the nations of Niger to the west and Benin to the southwest, and it borders the Nigerian states of Sokoto to the north and east and Niger to the south. Kebbi's area consists of short-grass savanna that is drained southwestward by the Niger River and its tributary,

Animals, Cruelty To

2005-03-24T07:20:00.000-08:00

The willful or wanton infliction of pain, suffering, or death upon an animal, or the intentional or malicious neglect of an animal. In varying degrees, it is illegal in most countries in the world, and, in the late 20th century, interest in endangered species gave further impetus to the anticruelty movement. Reflecting such interest, many laws have been passed, although

Toledo, Alejandro

2005-03-23T22:56:00.000-08:00

On July 28, 2001, nearly five centuries after Europeans conquered the Incas—and after two years of campaigning—Alejandro Toledo was sworn in as Peru's first democratically elected president of Quechua ethnicity. Although easily half of Peruvians were Amerindians, the white and mestizo minorities had held the key to economic, scholastic, and political power since colonial

Argentina, The arts

2005-03-23T10:53:00.000-08:00

The fine arts of Argentina historically found their inspiration in Europe, particularly in France and Spain, but the turbulence and complexity of Argentine national life—and of Latin America in general—have also found expression in the arts. In literature the Modernismo movement of the late 19th century and the Ultraísmo of the early 20th were both influenced by the

Steam Engine

2005-03-20T23:23:00.000-08:00

In a steam engine, hot steam, usually supplied by a boiler (q.v.), expands under pressure, and part of the heat energy is converted into work. The remainder of the heat may be allowed to escape, or, for maximum engine efficiency, the steam may be condensed in a separate apparatus, a condenser, at comparatively

Atwood, Margaret (eleanor)

2005-03-20T11:53:00.000-08:00

In her early poetry

La Rue, Pierre De

2005-03-20T09:03:00.000-08:00

La Rue worked in Brussels from 1492, where he served Philip the Handsome and from 1508, Margaret of Austria, regent of the Netherlands; with them he visited France and Spain. In 1516 he became canon at Courtrai.

Abu Nidal

2005-03-18T10:12:00.000-08:00

Palestinian militant (b. 1937, Jaffa, Palestine—d. Aug. 16?, 2002, Baghdad, Iraq), was believed to have masterminded countless deadly attacks for nearly two decades, from the early 1970s to the 1990s. Abu Nidal (he took the nom de guerre in the early 1960s) was originally a member of Yasir Arafat's Palestine Liberation Organization, but he broke with the PLO in 1974 to form the more radical Fatah Revolutionary

China, The influence of Buddhism

2005-03-18T07:02:00.000-08:00

The T'ang emperors officially supported Taoism because of their claim to be descended from Lao-tzu, but Buddhism continued to enjoy great favour and lavish Imperial patronage through most of the period. The famous pilgrim Hsüan-tsang, who went to India in 629 and returned in 645, was the most learned of Chinese monks and introduced new standards of exactness in his many translations

Aracari

2005-03-18T05:46:00.000-08:00

Any of certain toucan species. See toucan.

Debré, Olivier

2005-03-18T04:41:00.000-08:00

French abstract painter best known for his large-format commissions, including huge ornamental paintings for the French pavilions at the World's Fairs in Montreal (1967) and Osaka, Japan (1970), and the stage curtains for the Hong Kong Opera, the Shanghai Opera, and both the Comédie Française and the Théâtre des Abbesses in Paris (b. April 14/15, 1920, Paris, France—d. June 1, 1999, Paris).

Beecher, Lyman

2005-03-17T20:41:00.000-08:00

A graduate of Yale in 1797, he held pastorates at Litchfield, Conn., and at Boston, during which he opposed rationalism, Catholicism, and the liquor traffic. Turning his attention to evangelizing the West, he became president of the newly founded Lane Theological Seminary in Cincinnati,

Qasr 'amrah

2005-03-17T18:34:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Qasr Al-'amrah, palace in Jordan, about 50 miles (80 km) east of Amman. Built about AD 712–715, it served as both a hunting lodge and a fortress, and it is one of the best-preserved monuments of Islamic architecture from the Umayyad period. Its main chamber is roofed with three parallel vaults that rest on broad arches. The vaults are covered with frescoes of people and animals in scenes from daily life; a

Henrietta Maria

2005-03-17T08:44:00.000-08:00

Henrietta

Oberlin, Johann Friedrich

2005-03-15T16:14:00.000-08:00

Born into a middle-class family, Oberlin studied theology and graduated from the University of Strasbourg in 1758. He was a teacher

Athlone

2005-03-14T20:51:00.000-08:00

Irish Baile Átha Luain town, County Westmeath, Ireland. It lies on the River Shannon just south of Lough (lake) Ree. Located at a major east-west crossing of the Shannon, it has always been an important garrison town. In the 12th century the area, previously fortified by the kings of Uí Maine and Connaught (Connacht), was seized by the Anglo-Normans. Their motte (palisade) castle was built in 1210 and underwent

Argentina, The Dirty War and the Falklands dispute

2005-03-14T11:49:00.000-08:00

For vivid accounts of the Dirty War, see Andrew Graham-Yooll, A State of Fear: Memories of Argentina's Nightmare (1986); and Jacobo Timerman, Prisoner Without a Name, Cell Without a Number (1981, reprinted 1993; originally published in Spanish, 1981). Works on the Falkland Islands dispute and the war of 1982 include Raphael Perl, The Falkland Islands Dispute in International Law and Politics: A Documentary Sourcebook (1983); Alejandro Dabat and Luis Lorenzano, Argentina, the Malvinas, and the End of Military Rule (1984; originally published in Spanish, 1982); and Max Hastings and Simon Jenkins, The Battle for the Falklands (1983).

Planet X

2005-03-14T07:53:00.000-08:00

At the time its existence was proposed (1972), Planet X was stated to be located in the direction of the constellation Cassiopeia. The planet was calculated to have a mass approximately

Félibrige

2005-03-13T19:43:00.000-08:00

Association organized in the 19th century for the maintenance of the Provençal customs and language that stimulated the renaissance of the literature, language, and customs of the whole of southern France. The Félibrige was founded in 1854 by seven poets—Joseph Roumanille, Frédéric Mistral, Théodore Aubanel, Anselme Mathieu, Jean Brunet, Alphonse Tavan, and Paul Giéra

Claremont Colleges

2005-03-13T03:24:00.000-08:00

A consortium of private colleges in Claremont, Calif., U.S. The consortium comprises Pomona College, Claremont McKenna College, Scripps College, Harvey Mudd College, Pitzer College, and the Claremont Graduate School. The campuses are adjacent to one another and many facilities are shared, including the 1,800,000-volume Honnold Library. The concept of a “cluster” of colleges was

West Coast

2005-03-12T05:55:00.000-08:00

Local government region in west-central South Island, New Zealand. It is bounded by the Tasman Sea (west), the unitary authority of Tasman (north), and the local government regions of Canterbury and Otago (east) and Southland (south). The Southern Alps, with their towering peaks and rugged terrain, contribute to its isolation and varied landscape. Mount Cook (12,316 feet [3,754 metres]) is

Wahoo

2005-03-12T03:38:00.000-08:00

(Acanthocybium solanderi), swift-moving, powerful, predacious food and game fish of the family Scombridae (order Perciformes) found worldwide, especially in the tropics. The wahoo is a slim, streamlined fish with sharp-toothed, beaklike jaws and a tapered body ending in a slender tail base and a crescent-shaped tail. Gray-blue above and paler below, it is marked with a series

Arabia

2005-03-11T11:09:00.000-08:00

Arabic Jazirat Al-'Arab (“Island of the Arabs”), peninsular region, together with offshore islands, located in the extreme southwestern corner of Asia. The Arabian Peninsula is bounded by the Red Sea on the west and southwest, the Gulf of Aden on the south, the Arabian Sea on the south and southeast, and the Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf (also called the Arabian Gulf) on the northeast. Geographically the peninsula

Anderson, Leroy

2005-03-11T05:20:00.000-08:00

The son of Swedish immigrants, Anderson studied composition under Walter Piston and Georges Enesco at Harvard University (B.A., 1929; M.A., 1930), where

Vance, Zebulon B.

2005-03-10T19:50:00.000-08:00

Vance studied law at the University of North Carolina and for a time practiced in Asheville. Elected in 1854 as a Whig member of the North Carolina House of Commons, Vance in 1858 won a seat in the U.S. House of Representatives,

Zoffany, John

2005-03-10T18:07:00.000-08:00

Zoffany, after studying in Germany and Italy,

Afanasev, Aleksandr Nikolayevich

2005-03-09T13:18:00.000-08:00

Afanasev studied law at Moscow University. His early work included a study of Russian satirical journals of the late 18th century (1859) and commentaries on contemporary Russian literature. During the period

Pacific Ocean, Fisheries

2005-03-09T07:00:00.000-08:00

Because of the biological richness of certain reaches of the Pacific and because of the large human populations in many of the nations bordering it, the catches there are substantially larger than those in the other oceans and comprise three-fifths of the total world catch. Among Pacific nations, Japan and Russia have the largest fisheries in the world as measured

Syria, From the 9th to the 12th century

2005-03-08T19:42:00.000-08:00

As the 'Abbasid caliphate disintegrated in its turn, Syria drifted out of the sphere of influence of Baghdad. In 877 it was annexed by the Tulunid dynasty of Egypt, and this began a political connection that was to last with intervals for more than six centuries. In northern Syria the Tulunids were succeeded by a local Arab dynasty, the Hamdanids of Aleppo, founded by Sayf ad-Dawlah

Gunn, Thom

2005-03-08T18:21:00.000-08:00

The son of a successful London journalist, Gunn attended University College School in London and Trinity College in Cambridge, where he received a B.A. (1953) and M.A. (1958). In 1954 he moved to San Francisco, California, to study

Biblical Literature, Oracles of hope

2005-03-07T20:33:00.000-08:00

In the third section, chapters 33–48, Ezekiel proclaimed, in oracles that have become imprinted in theological discourse and folk songs, the hope that lies in the faith that God cares for his people and will restore them to a state of wholeness. As the good shepherd, God will feed his flock and will “seek the lost,” “bring back the strayed,” “bind up the crippled,” and “strengthen the

Pace University

2005-03-07T13:44:00.000-08:00

Private, coeducational institution of higher learning with campuses in New York City, Pleasantville, and White Plains, New York, U.S. The university includes Dyson College of Arts and Sciences, Lubin School of Business, Lienhard School of Nursing, and schools of Education, Law, and Computer Science and Information Systems. In addition to undergraduate studies, the

Addams, Charles (samuel)

2005-03-06T15:49:00.000-08:00

Addams attended various schools from 1929 to 1932; thereafter, aside from a brief period as a commercial artist, he was a free-lance cartoonist, selling his first work to The New Yorker in 1933. His cartoons

Later Ly Dynasty

2005-03-05T21:08:00.000-08:00

Vietnamese Nha Hau Ly (1009–1225), first of the three great dynasties of Vietnam. The kingdom, known later as Dai Viet, was established by Ly Thai To in the Red River Delta area of present northern Vietnam. Its capital was Thang Long (Hanoi). (It is “later” with respect to the Earlier Ly dynasty, founded by Ly Bon and lasting from 544 to 602/603.) The Later Ly was the first stable Vietnamese dynasty and helped establish many

Qatar

2005-03-05T13:40:00.000-08:00

Little is known of Qatar's history before the 18th century, when the region's population consisted largely of transient nomads and a few small fishing villages. Qatar's modern history begins conventionally in 1766 with the migration to the peninsula of families from Kuwait, notably the Al Khalifahs. Their settlement at the new town of Az-Zubarah grew into a small pearl-diving

Gonne, Maud

2005-03-04T23:22:00.000-08:00

The daughter of an Irish army officer and his English wife, Gonne made her debut in St. Petersburg and later acted as hostess for her father when he was assistant

Minamata

2005-03-03T19:45:00.000-08:00

City, Kumamoto ken (prefecture), southeastern Kyushu, Japan, on Yatsushiro Bay. A company town of the Nippon Chisso Hiryo Company, its main products are chemical fertilizer, carbide, and vinyl chloride. Minamata was traditionally a fishing port and has regular sea-route connections to Amakusa-shimo Island, the main island of the Amakusa Archipelago. Hot springs are

Han T'o-chou

2005-03-03T09:12:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Han Tuozhou minister to the Chinese emperor Ning Tsung (reigned 1194–1224) of the Sung dynasty (960–1279). Han tried to recover territory in northern China that had been taken from the Sung several generations earlier by the Juchen tribes of Inner Asia. The ensuing war proved disastrous. More Sung territory was lost and a large indemnity was demanded by the

Sibu

2005-03-02T20:54:00.000-08:00

Town, East Malaysia (northwest Borneo), at the confluence of the Rajang and Igan rivers, about 50 miles (80 km) from the South China Sea coast. As a river port, it serves small oceangoing vessels and exports timber, rubber, and pepper. Sibu has an airport and a technical nautical school. Pop. (1980) 85,231.

Polanyi, John C.

2005-03-02T15:35:00.000-08:00

Born to an expatriate Hungarian family, Polanyi was reared in England and attended Manchester University (Ph.D., 1952; D.Sc., 1964). He accepted a research position with the National Research Council

Yamazaki Ansai

2005-03-01T20:39:00.000-08:00

A Buddhist monk early in life, Ansai began to study Confucianism and gradually turned against

Optics, The pinhole camera

2005-02-28T23:40:00.000-08:00

An excellent example of the working of the wavelet theory is found in the well-known pinhole camera. If the pinhole is large, the diverging geometrical pencil of rays leads to a blurred image, because each point in the object will be projected as a finite circular patch of light on the film. The spreading of the light at the boundary of a large pinhole by diffraction is

Yui Shosetsu

2005-02-28T04:33:00.000-08:00

A famous military teacher in the Japanese capital of Edo (now Tokyo), Yui gained a large following among the local ronin

Calabash Tree

2005-02-28T03:33:00.000-08:00

(Crescentia cujete), tree of the family Bignoniaceae, 6 to 12 m (20 to 40 feet) tall, that grows in Central and South America, the West Indies, and extreme southern Florida. It is often grown as an ornamental. The calabash tree produces large spherical fruits, up to 50 cm (20 inches) in diameter, the hard shells of which are useful as bowls, cups, and other water containers when hollowed out. The

Lipscomb, William Nunn, Jr.

2005-02-27T15:31:00.000-08:00

Lipscomb graduated from the University of Kentucky in 1941 and earned his Ph.D. in 1946 from the California Institute of Technology. He worked as a physical chemist in the Office

Hohenzollern Dynasty

2005-02-27T11:52:00.000-08:00

Dynasty prominent in European history, chiefly as the ruling house of Brandenburg-Prussia (1415–1918) and of imperial Germany (1871–1918). It takes its name from a castle in Swabia first mentioned as Zolorin or Zolre (the modern Hohenzollern, south of Tübingen, in the Land Baden-Württemberg). Burchard I, the first recorded ancestor of the dynasty, was count of Zollern in the 11th century. In the

Hardinge (of Penshurst), Charles Hardinge, 1st Baron

2005-02-27T00:28:00.000-08:00

A grandson of Lord Hardinge, governor-general of India in 1844–48, Charles Hardinge entered the diplomatic service in 1880. Appointed ambassador to Russia in 1904 and permanent under secretary

Itata And Baltimore Incidents

2005-02-26T11:57:00.000-08:00

The civil war was precipitated by a conflict between the Chilean Congress and President José Manuel Balmaceda, in which the navy supported the insurgent Congress and the army backed the president. The U.S. government

Mellencamp, John

2005-02-25T22:28:00.000-08:00

Growing up in southern Indiana—with which he is strongly identified—Mellencamp began playing in rock bands as a teenager. His first two albums, released in the late 1970s, disappeared without

Jujuy

2005-02-25T11:08:00.000-08:00

Provincia, extreme northwestern Argentina, bordering Chile (west) and Bolivia (north), having an area of 20,548 square miles (53,219 square km). It comprises several cordilleras of the Andes—reaching elevations of 16,500 feet (5,000 m) and separated by a bleak plateau 11,500 feet (3,500 m) high called the Puna de Atacama—that descend on the east to form sub-Andean ranges and valleys. The eastern Andean and sub-Andean

Pigot (of Patshul), George Pigot, Baron, 1st Baronet

2005-02-25T05:35:00.000-08:00

At 17 Pigot entered the East India Company service, becoming governor and commander in chief of Madras in 1755. He stoutly defended Madras against the French in 1758–59, and, after the capture of Pondicherry (a former French enclave on the southeast

Jñanadeva

2005-02-25T02:37:00.000-08:00

Jñanadeva was a founder of the devotional school of mysticism known as Varakari (“Pilgrim”), so called because of the emphasis it places on pilgrimages to the shrine of Vitthala (or Vithoba, a local

Gisborne

2005-02-23T22:25:00.000-08:00

Unitary authority, east-central North Island, New Zealand. The authority includes the eastern side of East Cape (the easternmost promontory of North Island), most of the Raukumara Range, and the Waipaoa and Mata rivers. Gisborne is bounded by the Bay of Plenty local government region to the west and by the Pacific Ocean to the north and east. The cape was the first landing

Zittau

2005-02-23T05:35:00.000-08:00

City, Saxony Land (state), eastern Germany, on the Lausitzer Neisse River, near the frontiers of Poland and the Czech Republic. Originating as the Slav settlement of Sitowir, it was mentioned in 1230 and chartered in 1255, when it belonged to Bohemia. Zittau joined the federation of Lusatian towns in 1346 and fell to Saxony in 1635. Four 13th- and 15th-century churches still remain. There are training

Acheampong, Ignatius Kutu

2005-02-22T15:17:00.000-08:00

Ghanaian army officer, who, after leading a military revolt that overthrew the government of Kofi Busia, became Ghana's chief of state in 1972. In July 1978 he was forced to resign, and the following June he and his successor, Lieut. Gen. F.W.K. Akuffo, were executed after a coup led by young officers, whose Armed Forces Revolutionary Council returned

Mellencamp, John

2005-02-22T00:25:00.000-08:00

In the United Kingdom, television network consisting of a consortium of private companies in competition with the British Broadcasting Corporation. It is regulated by the Independent Broadcasting Authority, which was originally the Independent Television Authority. The ITV network was authorized by act of Parliament in 1954, when the BBC's monopoly over radio

Karagöz

2005-02-21T17:42:00.000-08:00

(Turkish: “Black Eyes,” or “Gypsy”), type of Turkish shadow play, named for its stock hero, Karagöz. The comically risqué plays are improvised from scenarios for local audiences in private homes, coffee shops, public squares, and innyards. The Karagöz play apparently was highly developed in Turkey by the 16th century and was adapted in Greece and North Africa. In the 20th century,

Austria, The problem of the Austrian succession

2005-02-21T17:33:00.000-08:00

The extinction of the Spanish line of the Habsburgs and the fact that the emperor Charles VI was the last male member of that house posed serious problems for the Habsburg territories, which at the beginning of the 18th century were held together mainly by the person of the sovereign, notwithstanding the fact that there were some institutions of central administration.

Bingham, George Caleb

2005-02-21T03:08:00.000-08:00

In 1819 Bingham's family moved to Franklin, Missouri, on the Lewis and Clark trail. After the death of his father, the family relocated to Arrow Rock, Missouri. Between 1827 and 1828, Bingham apprenticed to a

Ricercare

2005-02-20T00:20:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Ricercar (Italian: “to seek out”), plural Ricercari, musical composition for instruments in which one or more themes are developed through melodic imitation; it was prominent in the 16th and 17th centuries. The earliest ricercari, which were for the lute, appeared in 1507. Well-suited to the technical capabilities of the lute, they mixed passages in chordal style, running scale passages, and alternation of high and low phrases

Motagua River

2005-02-19T13:24:00.000-08:00

Spanish Río Motagua, river in eastern Guatemala, rising in the central highlands near Chichicastenango, in southern Quiché department. The Motagua is Guatemala's longest river, measuring approximately 250 mi (400 km). Flowing generally eastward and northeastward through Chimaltenango, El Progreso, Zacapa, and Izabal departments, it empties into Omoa Bay off the Gulf of Honduras at the Honduran

Philip

2005-02-18T18:59:00.000-08:00

A member of a distinguished equestrian family of Arab descent, Philip was praetorian prefect when the emperor Gordian III was killed in a mutiny (perhaps with Philip's connivance). Philip became emperor and quickly concluded a peace ending a war with Persia. After undertaking a series of campaigns

Amorphous Solid, Magnetic glasses

2005-02-18T16:04:00.000-08:00

The last entry in the Table is an application of metallic glasses having magnetic properties. These are typically iron-rich amorphous solids with compositions such as Fe0.8B0.2 iron-boron and Fe0.8B0.1Si0.1 iron-boron-silicon. They are readily formed as long metallic glass ribbons by melt spinning or as wide sheets by planar flow casting. Ferromagnetic glasses are mechanically

Rime Riche

2005-02-18T08:42:00.000-08:00

Also called identical rhyme in French and English prosody, a rhyme produced by agreement in sound not only of the last accented vowel and any succeeding sounds but also of the consonant preceding this rhyming vowel. A rime riche may consist of homographs (fair/fair) or homophones (write/right). It is distinguished from rime suffisante.

Bradley, Edward R.

2005-02-17T23:42:00.000-08:00

As a student at Cheyney State College (now Cheyney University of Pennsylvania), Bradley worked his way into broadcasting by volunteering at Philadelphia radio station WDAS-FM. After graduating with a degree in education (B.S., 1964), Bradley became an elementary schoolteacher but continued to work

Thököly, Imre

2005-02-17T04:28:00.000-08:00

The scion of a rich Protestant family, Thököly moved to Transylvania after his father was executed for having had a role in the Hungarian magnates' conspiracy against the Habsburg emperor Leopold

Lord Dunmore's War

2005-02-17T03:45:00.000-08:00

(1774), Virginia-led attack on the Shawnee Indians of Kentucky, removing the last obstacle to colonial conquest of that area. During the early 1770s the Shawnee watched with growing distress the steady encroachment upon their rich Kentucky hunting grounds by white trappers, traders, speculators, and settlers. In early 1774 the Virginia militia seized Fort Pitt and renamed it Fort

France, History Of, The influence of the church on society and legislation

2005-02-16T23:19:00.000-08:00

The progressive Christianization of society influenced Frankish institutions significantly. The introduction of royal consecration and the creation of the empire afforded the clergy an opportunity to elaborate a new conception of power based on religious principles. The church was involved in trying to discourage slavery and in ameliorating the legal

Toreva Block

2005-02-15T18:39:00.000-08:00

Landslide product consisting of a very large block of undisturbed material that has been tilted backward toward the parent cliff during movement down a gentle slope. In northeastern Arizona such blocks are thought to have formed during more humid periods of the last glacial advance of the Pleistocene Epoch (1,600,000 to 10,000 years ago). Toreva blocks also occur, however, as a simple

Ring-necked Snake

2005-02-15T17:20:00.000-08:00

(species Diadophis punctatus), sole species of snake in the genus Diadophis of the family Colubridae. There are about a dozen subspecies. Ring-necked snakes grow to a length of 60 cm (24 inches) and are usually found under logs or rocks in the western United States and across the Mexican plateau. Ring-necked snakes feed on insects, worms, frogs, lizards, salamanders, and smaller

Buddhism, The Bka'-gdams-pa and Dge-lugs-pa

2005-02-14T18:37:00.000-08:00

The Bka'-gdams-pa school was based on the teachings of Atisa (an Indian monk who came to Tibet in the 11th century). It was founded by his chief disciple, 'Brom-ston (c. 1008–c. 1064), who emphasized austere discipline. The school produced the Bka'-gdams gces-bsdus (“Collection of the Sayings of the Bka'-gdams-pa Saints”), which preserves the often highly poetic utterances of those close to the founder.

Albany

2005-02-13T20:44:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1853) of Dougherty county, southwestern Georgia, U.S. It lies along the Flint River at the head of navigation, about 90 miles (145 km) southeast of Columbus. Founded in 1836 by Colonel Nelson Tift, it was named for Albany, New York, and was early established as a leading cotton market. In 1857 a railroad connected it with Macon. Later, six other rail lines converged on the point to make it

Iridaceae

2005-02-13T05:29:00.000-08:00

The Iridaceae contains some 80 genera and an estimated 1,700 species of mostly perennial herbs; there are a few shrubs and evergreen herbs as well. The family is nearly worldwide in distribution, but it is

Jordan, Biblical associations

2005-02-12T17:26:00.000-08:00

Biblical accounts of the area, dating from the Middle Bronze Age onward, mention kingdoms such as Gilead in the north, Moab in central Jordan, and Midian in the south. At the time of the Exodus, the Israelites tried to pass through Edom in southern Jordan but were refused permission. They were at first repelled by the Amorites, whom they later defeated. The Israelite tribes

Actuary

2005-02-12T13:39:00.000-08:00

Most actuaries are

Naberezhnye Chelny

2005-02-11T17:34:00.000-08:00

Formerly (until 1930) Chelny , from 1982 to 1988 Brezhnev city, Tatarstan, west-central Russia, on the left bank of the Kama River. The city is best known for its Kama truck plant, the world's largest. Also located at Naberezhnye Chelny is the Lower Kama hydroelectric station. Because of these developments, Naberezhnye Chelny experienced rapid growth beginning in the 1970s. Pop. (1991 est.) 513,100.

Ujjain

2005-02-11T04:05:00.000-08:00

Lying on the first meridian of the ancient Hindu geographers, it was the capital (as Ujjayini) of the Aryan Avanti kingdom (6th–4th century BC). In the 2nd century BC, Ujjain was the seat of the emperor A

Dagestanian Languages

2005-02-10T11:55:00.000-08:00

Also called East Caucasian Languages, group of languages spoken in the northeastern part of the Caucasus and including the Avar-Andi-Dido, the Lak-Dargin (Lak-Dargwa), and the Lezgian groups. One of the distinctive characteristics of a majority of these languages is the contrast of strong and weak voiceless consonants. The Dagestanian languages are often classified together with the Nakh

Innocent I, Saint

2005-02-10T00:13:00.000-08:00

Probably a Roman deacon, Innocent was possibly the son of St. Anastasius I, whom he succeeded in the papacy on Dec. 22, 401. In 404 Innocent ordered a synod to reinstate Patriarch St. John Chrysostom of Constantinople, who had been illegally deposed

Eridu

2005-02-09T02:13:00.000-08:00

Ancient Sumerian city south of modern Ur (Tall al-Muqayyar), Iraq. Eridu was revered as the oldest city in Sumer according to the king lists, and its patron god was Enki (Ea), “lord of the sweet waters that flow under the earth.” The site, located at a mound called Abu Shahrayn, was excavated principally between 1946 and 1949 by the Iraq Antiquities Department; it proved to be one of the most

Contract Bridge

2005-02-09T02:10:00.000-08:00

Two world championship tournaments took place during 2000, the first time that had happened since 1976. The Bermuda Bowl is normally played in odd-numbered years, but because Bermuda requested to host the 50th anniversary competition, the World Bridge Federation (WBF) agreed to postpone the 1999 event to January 2000. In the final the United States defeated Brazil 506–288. The second U.S. entry

Indigestion

2005-02-08T06:54:00.000-08:00

Also called dyspepsia any or all of the symptoms—abdominal discomfort, belching, flatulence, aversion to eating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, constipation, heartburn—associated with the malfunctioning of the digestive system. Indigestion may be caused by disease, but it primarily occurs because of stress, improper eating habits, excessive smoking, exorbitant consumption of coffee or

Van Deman, Ralph

2005-02-07T23:22:00.000-08:00

Van Deman followed an eclectic educational course before settling on a military career: he took a degree from Harvard, studied law for a year, and then took a medical degree (1893). He served briefly as an army surgeon and then attended the

Agrínion

2005-02-07T10:06:00.000-08:00

Chief town of the nomós (department) of Aetolia and Acarnania, west-central Greece. It lies 4 miles (6 km) northwest of Lake Trikhonís, about midway between the Ionian Sea and the Gulf of Patras. Formerly called Vrakhóri (an abbreviation of Evrekori, “Town of the Jews”), it has reverted to the name of an ancient Aetolian centre on the Achelous River that was just northwest of the